Little is known about the early history of the Obernbreiter Jews. It is certain that Jewish people have lived in the village since the middle of the 16th century. Since then, the Jewish community grew steadily. A synagogue was built in 1748. 100 years later, almost 13% of Obernbit's inhabitants were Jewish.

The Jewish register of 1817 lists 26 heads of household. Cattle smugglers, cattle dealers, trade in haberdashery, wine merchants, money transactions, trade in old iron, spices and leather are mentioned as "acquisitions". The Jewish people turned the otherwise agricultural village into a small trading center with its trade relations and its textile and hardware stores.

After the opening of the Treuchtlingen-Würzburg railroad line, which passed by Obernbreit without a stop, many Jewish merchants emigrated from Obernbreit. In 1904, the Jewish religious community was merged with the one in Markbreit and the synagogue was sold in 1912.

When the National Socialists came to power, the Jewish citizens who remained in the town were shunned, boycotted and deported.

Friedrich Heidecker