The inscriptions on the gravestones are mostly in Hebrew, although there is often another inscription in the respective national language, for example on the back or on the base. The inscription is typically divided into three parts. The introductory formula is standardized and reads "Here is buried "הפ קנבר", often abbreviated to just two characters (פנ') or (פ "נ"). The middle section gives the name of the deceased, that of his father, in the case of married women the name of the husband, any titles or other designations, the last place of residence, the date of death and sometimes also the different burial date. These details are often included in formulaic phrases about an exemplary lifestyle or similar, but there are also gravestones with longer individual biographical details. A blessing - usually (according to the wish of Abigail, 1 Sam25/29 EU) "May his/your soul be bound up in the bundle of life!", התי הפנש/ופנש הרצור הצברו רחהיי ם, abbreviated ת 'נ 'צ 'ב 'ה' - concludes the inscription. This blessing often appears as the only Hebrew part in an inscription otherwise written in the local language. The first names on the gravestones are traditionally rendered in the Hebrew text as Jewish call or pet names, with the patronymic taking the place of the family name. In the national language inscriptions on the back or on the pedestal, the official names are then given on more recent gravestones. The dates are given according to the Jewish calendar, usually using the lower case, i.e. omitting the thousands place.