Since the 16th century, Jews have occasionally owned houses in Wiesenbronn.
The establishment of a Jewish community in Wiesenbronn can be dated to 1718 at the latest. A synagogue was built, initially as an extension to an existing house. The strong growth of the Jewish community in Wiesenbronn necessitated the construction of a new synagogue in 1792/93, large parts of which are still preserved today.
In the first half of the 19th century, the Jewish community experienced its heyday. With over 140 members at times, it accounted for almost 15% of the population. A steep downward trend set in after 1860. The number of Jewish citizens fell by two thirds by 1907. As early as the 1920s, regular religious services could no longer be held. The formerly independent communities of Kleinlangheim, Großlangheim and Wiesenbronn supported each other and held services in the villages in turn.
Above all, the increased emigration during the National Socialist era meant that the Jewish community of Wiesenbronn dissolved itself in 1938. The synagogue building was profaned in accordance with religious regulations and sold to a Christian neighbor. The Jewish community had 33 members in 1933, ten in 1937 and five in 1939. The last two Jewish residents perished in the extermination camps after their deportation in 1942.
